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. DYNAMC ELECTEIC MACHINE. No. 280,439. Patented July 3, '1883.

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n. EDWARD BALL, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

DYNAMo-ELECTIC lvlAoHiNE.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 80,439, dated July 3, 1883.

Application tiled October 20, 1882.

tion, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figui-e1 is a perspective of my improved dynamo-electric machine; and Fig. 2 is atheoretieal elevation, illustrating' the relative position of armatures, field-magnets, commutators, brushes, and electrical connections or circuits therefor.

My invention has relation to dynamo-elec tric machines, and has for its object to provV videa dynamo of great. capacity, electro-motive force, and an increased efficiency in practical effect.

To this end my invention accordingly con sists of the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, having reference to the following points: first, to the provision of two sources for the generation of electric energy-viz., themutual or reciprocal inductive reaction of the armatures on each other and the inductive action of the field-magnets on the armatures, whereby the capacity of the machine is greatly increased; second, to the provision of armatures whose points of polarity are brought closer to the pole-pieces of the field-magnets thanhas heretofore been the case, whereby an increase of electro-motive force is obtained, and, third, to the provision of Ameans for reducing the resistance of the armatures and diminishing the heating of the same, whereby an increased efciency in practical effect is produced.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, A A represent two armatures mounted on shafts a a', respectively, having bearings in a suitable frame, as indicated. The armatures A A are provided with their respective commutators, B B', and they vconsist of. an endless coil or series of coils connected together to form a ring, in a manner substantially similar toothe Paccinotti armature. T hey are placed parallel to and revolve contiguous to one another, being but slightly separated, so that they will not impinge or contact as they rotate.

(No model.)

C C represent field-magnets arranged as illustrated, or they may otherwise be suitably disposed. c c are the pole-pieces thereof, arranged to form common pole-pieces for both armatures B B; but I prefer to curve said polepieces around the armatures, as illustrated, as such arrangement brings the iield of magnetic action more nearly between'the contiguous portions of the armatures, while their opposite or outer sides are beyond or free from such influence. Each commutator is provided, respectively. with the usual or other suitable brushes, E E, and F represents a brush common to both commutators. As the brushes locate the polarity-pointsin the armatures, -each one of the latter therefore has A three points of polarity, as indicated in Fig. 2. Inv one armature two of the points are ot' north polarity, and the remaining point thereof is of south polarity, whilein the other ar1na ture two points are of south polarity and the remaining point of north polarity. The electric connections or circuits between such parts are substantially as follows: 1 1 represent the eXternalcircuit from binding-post 2. A wire leads to magnets C, and from the latter proceeds a wire, 3, which splits into two branch` es, which connect with the brushes E E of commutator B. The circuit is then into and out of armature A, and thence by way of brush F to commutator B', thence into and out of armature A to brushes E E of commutator B', thence by way of branches of split wire 4 to magnets C, and thence by wireto binding' post 6, to external circuit, the place of starting. It will thus be seen that a split circuit or current is provided for between the usual brushes of the commutators and the held-magnets, and such current will equally divide itself, for the reason that the resistances between sai d brushes and the brush common to both Aarn'xature's are equal. By such arrangement of brushes and circuits the points of polarity of the armatures are brought close up to the pole-pieces, as in dicated in Fig. 2, therebyincreasing the mag netic intensity of the currents generated thereby and leaving the exterior sides, ai a5, of the armatures free of inductive action or current influences; hence as the armatures pass through that part of their rev'olntion from z z Vtheir coils will be cooling, and the heating of IOO the armatures for this reason is also diminished. Again, the use of said split current to the brushes permits of the diminishing ofthe length ofthe pole-pieces of the held-magnets, and thereby increasi n g their magnetic intensity and correspondingly affecting the electro-motive force of the machine, for it can be shown by experiment that the capacity of an armature is not diminished, but in fact is slightly increased, by reducing the length of the are of its 'field-piece and the corresponding coils in electrical action to a point amounting to about one-fourth of the circumference of the armature, the reason wherefor would appear to be that although the amount of wire in electrical action may be diminished, yet at th'e same time the magnetic intensity of the field pieces is increased by concentration, and as a result labout the same, capacity with a less resistance of armature is obtained. Theheating ofthe armatures being diminished and the resistance therein decreased and their capacity remaining` the same, it follows that there is an increased eliicieney in practical effect ol' the current generated, because very little of such current is consumed in the internal circuit. 'lhe polarity-1)oints of the armatures being closer to the pole-pieces ofthe iield, the magnetic intensity ofthe currents generated is increased, and correspondingly the electro-motive force ofthe machine is enhanced. Again, as the armatures A A pass each other at the point 1v the magnetic polarity-point of each armature induces a current in the opposite armature; hence the reciprocal reaction of the armatures provides a source for the production of electric energy in addition to that effected by the action of the iieldanagnets thereon. .lonsequentl y I have two sources for the generatioil of such energy, and the capacity ofthe machine is therefore greatly increased. Such increase is obtained without adding to the internal resistance, while on the other hand, although the resistance in the armatures is decreased, yet there is obtained an increase in the ei'iicicncy ol' the dynamo in practical et'tect and a diminution in the heating of the armatures.

I have shown my invention provided with two armatures, but, if desired, three or'more may be used. So, too, instead of employing a brush, F, common to both armatures, it may be divided into two brushes-one for each armature-said brushes being electrically connected together or in circuit with each other.

Vhat I claim as my invention isl. ln a dynamo-electric machine, the eombination of iield-inagnets having pole-pieces common to two armatures, located and revolving upon separate shafts, said armatures being in common circuit with the held-magnets, mutually inducing currents in each other of the same direction as that of those induced in them by the iieldanagnets, substantially as shown and described.

2. ln combination with two armatures having separate shafts, eommutators, and brushes, and electro-magnets in common circuit with said armatures, and whose pole-pieces are common to the latter, which mutually induce each other and are induced by said held-magnets, substantially asset forth and described.

3. The combination, with two armatures having separate shafts, connnutators, and brushes, of a brush common to two of said cominutators and fiel d-magnetshavin g pole-pieces common to both said armatures, substantially as shown and described.

4. A dynamo-electric machine having two armatures mounted on separate shafts, with their' respective commutators and brushes, brushes or connections between the cennnutators, and a split circuit from the iield-magnets to brushes of like polarity, substantially as shown and described.

A dynamo-electric machine having' a se ries of armatures, each of which is composed of an iron ring or core and endless coils or sections of insulated wire, and which nlutuallyreact upon one another, in combination with lieldmagnets in common circuit with said armatures, substantially as shown and described.

6. A dynamo-eleetric machine composed of two armatures composed of iron rings or cores and an endless coil of sections or bobbins, and a iield of force having a centrally-located field of magnetic action, the opposite or o uter sides of the armatures being free from such action.

so as to provide for the successive cooling ol' the coils of the armatures, substantially as shown and described.

7. ln a dynamo-electric machine, a split or divided circuit connected to commutatorbrushes of like polarity,whereby the polarity points of the armatures are brought close up to the polepieces of the iieldtmagnet, substantially as shown and described.

S. The combination, in a dynamo-electric machine, of armatures, ieldanagnets, a common circuit therefor, pole-pieces for said magnets, eommutators, and brushes, arranged substantiall Y as shown and described, whereby the armatures mutually induce each other and are induced by the field-magnets for produc ing electrical energy in like direction, as set forth.

S). The combination, with two armatures having separate shafts, eommutators, and brushes, of a brush common to both said commutators and iield-magnets having pole-pieces common to both said armatures, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I aI'tX my signature in presence ol' two witnesses.

lt. EDVARD BALL.

\`Vitnesses TILLARD L. CANDEJL, CHAs. E. Batt.

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